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TiKV 多副本丢失以及修复实践

 Meditator  发表于  2021-11-22

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1实验目的

随着tidb使用场景的越来越多,接入的业务越来越重要,不由得想试验下tidb组件的高可用性以及故障或者灾难如何恢复,恢复主要涉及的是pd组件和tikv组件,本文主要涉及tikv组件,

pd组件请参考另外一篇文章《pd集群多副本数据丢失以及修复实践》pd集群多副本数据丢失以及修复实践

2试验环境

2.1版本以及部署拓扑:

tidb版本:5.2.1
部署方式:tiup
部署拓扑

$ cat tidb-test.yaml
global:
  user: "tidb"
  ssh_port: 22
  deploy_dir: "/data/tidb/tidb-deploy"
  data_dir: "/data/tidb/tidb-data"

pd_servers:
  - host: 10.12.16.225
  - host: 10.12.16.226
  - host: 10.12.16.227

tidb_servers:
  - host: 10.12.16.225
  - host: 10.12.16.226
  - host: 10.12.16.227

tikv_servers:
  - host: 10.12.16.224
  - host: 10.12.16.225
  - host: 10.12.16.226
  - host: 10.12.16.227
  - host: 10.12.16.228

monitoring_servers:
  - host: 10.12.16.228

grafana_servers:
  - host: 10.12.16.228

alertmanager_servers:
  - host: 10.12.16.228

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5*TIKV

replica=3

温馨提示:

防止tiup部署后,在破坏掉tikv实例后,tikv-server被自动拉起来,影响试验效果,需要做如下修改

1、在/etc/systemd/system/tikv-20160.service中去掉 Restart=always或者改Restart=no,

2、执行systemctl daemon-reload 重新加载

2.2查看测试表数据

CREATE TABLE `t_test` (
  `name` varchar(200) DEFAULT '',
  `honor` varchar(200) DEFAULT ''
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_bin /*T! SHARD_ROW_ID_BITS=4 PRE_SPLIT_REGIONS=4 */

mysql> desc t_test;
+-------+--------------+------+------+---------+-------+
| Field | Type         | Null | Key  | Default | Extra |
+-------+--------------+------+------+---------+-------+
| name  | varchar(200) | YES  |      |         |       |
| honor | varchar(200) | YES  |      |         |       |
+-------+--------------+------+------+---------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select count(*) from t_test;
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
|  1024288 |
+----------+
1 row in set (3.68 sec)

3单副本损毁及修复

过程略

提示:

此种场景也是最常见的场景,replica>=3的时候,不会影响业务读写,也不会丢失数据,只需要扩容新TiKV节点,缩容下线故障节点即可。

如果是3*TiKV集群,必须只能先扩容,否则此时即便强制缩容下线故障节点,数据也不会发生replica均衡调度,因为无法补齐三副本。

4双副本同时损毁及修复

4.1查看测试表region分布

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mysql> select STORE_ID,ADDRESS,LEADER_COUNT,REGION_COUNT from information_schema.TIKV_STORE_STATUS ;
+----------+--------------------+--------------+--------------+
| STORE_ID | ADDRESS            | LEADER_COUNT | REGION_COUNT |
+----------+--------------------+--------------+--------------+
|        1 | 10.12.16.228:20160 |           12 |           25 |
|        2 | 10.12.16.225:20160 |           11 |           33 |
|        4 | 10.12.16.226:20160 |            9 |           14 |
|        3 | 10.12.16.227:20160 |            6 |           38 |
|        9 | 10.12.16.224:20160 |            7 |           25 |
+----------+--------------------+--------------+--------------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)

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4.2模拟2个tikv同时损坏

同时损坏的TiKV节点是10.12.16.227:20160和10.12.16.228:20160

在10.12.16.227(store_id=3)和10.12.16.228(store_id=1)上分别执行


$ cd /data/tidb/tidb-data/
$ ls
monitor-9100 pd-2379 tikv-20160
$ rm -rf tikv-20160
$ ls
monitor-9100 pd-2379

查看集群状态:

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查看store_id=3和store_id=1的状态:

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可以发现30分钟过后(store的状态从disconnecting–》down),store 1和3上的region的leader和replica还存在,并不是因为store是down状态,其上面的regionleader和replica进行切换和调度,那是因为部分region同时失去两个副本,导致无法发生leader选举。

mysql> select count(*) from t_test;

ERROR 9002 (HY000): TiKV server timeout

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tidb查询发现hang住直到超时

4.3修复tidb集群

4.3.1关闭调度

关闭调度原因:防止恢复期间出现其他的异常情况

关闭调度方法:config set region-schedule-limit、replica-schedule-limit、leader-schedule-limit、merge-schedule-limit 这4个值

» config set region-schedule-limit 0
» config set replica-schedule-limit 0
» config set leader-schedule-limit 0
» config set merge-schedule-limit 0
4.3.2查询出大多数副本在故障tikv上的region id

检查大于等于一半副本数在故障节点(store_id in(1,3))上的region,并记录它们的region id

$ ./pd-ctl region --jq='.regions[] | {id: .id, peer_stores: [.peers[].store_id] | select(length as $total |map(if .==(1,3) then . else empty end)|length>=$total-length)}'

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4.3.3关闭正常的tikv节点
$ tiup cluster stop    tidb-test  -N 10.12.16.224:20160
$ tiup cluster stop    tidb-test  -N 10.12.16.225:20160
$ tiup cluster stop    tidb-test  -N 10.12.16.226:20160

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4.3.4清理故障store的region

清理方法:

在正常的tikv(已经关闭掉)上执行命令:

$ ./tikv-ctl --data-dir /data/tidb/tidb-data/tikv-20160 unsafe-recover remove-fail-stores -s 1,3 --all-regions

执行命令在输出的结尾有success字样,说明执行成功

清理原因:在正常tikv上清理掉region peer落在故障tikv(1和3)peer

4.3.5重启pd集群
$ tiup cluster restart    tidb-test  -R pd

查看store 1和store 3

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发现上面的leader_count和region_count都变成0,如果pd集群不重启,则不会消失。

4.3.6启动正常的tikv节点
$ tiup cluster start    tidb-test  -N 10.12.16.224:20160
$ tiup cluster start    tidb-test  -N 10.12.16.225:20160
$ tiup cluster start    tidb-test  -N 10.12.16.226:20160

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查看副本数为2的region:

$ ./pd-ctl region --jq='.regions[] | {id: .id, peer_stores: [.peers[].store_id] | select(length==2) } '
{"id":36,"peer_stores":[2,9]}
{"id":140,"peer_stores":[2,9]}
{"id":249,"peer_stores":[2,4]}
{"id":46,"peer_stores":[2,9]}
{"id":168,"peer_stores":[2,9]}
{"id":176,"peer_stores":[2,9]}
{"id":188,"peer_stores":[4,9]}
{"id":48,"peer_stores":[9,2]}
{"id":184,"peer_stores":[2,9]}
{"id":26,"peer_stores":[2,9]}
{"id":152,"peer_stores":[4,2]}
{"id":52,"peer_stores":[2,4]}
{"id":40,"peer_stores":[4,2]}
{"id":253,"peer_stores":[4,9]}
{"id":44,"peer_stores":[2,9]}

查看只有单副本的region:

$ ./pd-ctl region --jq='.regions[] | {id: .id, peer_stores: [.peers[].store_id] | select(length==1) } '
{"id":42,"peer_stores":[2]}
{"id":62,"peer_stores":[9]}
{"id":192,"peer_stores":[9]}
{"id":180,"peer_stores":[2]}
{"id":196,"peer_stores":[2]}
{"id":60,"peer_stores":[9]}
{"id":160,"peer_stores":[2]}
{"id":164,"peer_stores":[4]}
{"id":54,"peer_stores":[9]}
{"id":172,"peer_stores":[2]}
{"id":220,"peer_stores":[2]}
{"id":7,"peer_stores":[9]}
{"id":50,"peer_stores":[9]}
{"id":144,"peer_stores":[9]}
{"id":156,"peer_stores":[2]}
{"id":38,"peer_stores":[2]}
{"id":56,"peer_stores":[2]}
4.3.7打开调度
config set region-schedule-limit  2048
config set replica-schedule-limit 64
config set leader-schedule-limit  4
config set merge-schedule-limit   8
4.3.8验证数据
$ ./pd-ctl region --jq='.regions[] | {id: .id, peer_stores: [.peers[].store_id] | select(length as $total |map(if .==(1,3) then . else empty end)|length>=$total-length)}'  

输出为空
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数据已经可以查询,并且数据没有丢失

查看只有单副本的region:

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查看副本数为2的region:

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4.3.9清理收尾

发现store 1和3还是存在(状态为Down),需要在集群中剔除掉

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删除掉store 1和3

» store delete 1
Success!
» store delete 3
Success!

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$ tiup cluster prune tidb-test
$ tiup cluster display tidb-test

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发现227和228已经不在集群

至此,双副本同时丢失的情景已经修复完毕

5三副本同时损毁及修复

5.1查看测试表region分布

$ ./pd-ctl region --jq='.regions[] | {id: .id, peer_stores: [.peers[].store_id] | select(length==3) } '
{"id":220,"peer_stores":[2,9,497041]}
{"id":249,"peer_stores":[2,4,497042]}
{"id":7,"peer_stores":[9,497041,497042]}
{"id":36,"peer_stores":[2,9,497041]}
{"id":140,"peer_stores":[2,497042,497041]}
{"id":144,"peer_stores":[9,497042,2]}
{"id":156,"peer_stores":[2,4,497042]}
{"id":168,"peer_stores":[2,9,497042]}
{"id":176,"peer_stores":[2,497042,4]}
{"id":188,"peer_stores":[497042,9,497041]}
{"id":38,"peer_stores":[2,9,497041]}
{"id":46,"peer_stores":[9,2,497041]}
{"id":50,"peer_stores":[9,497041,497042]}
{"id":48,"peer_stores":[2,9,497041]}
{"id":56,"peer_stores":[9,497041,497042]}
{"id":184,"peer_stores":[2,9,497041]}
{"id":152,"peer_stores":[4,9,497041]}
{"id":192,"peer_stores":[9,497042,497041]}
{"id":26,"peer_stores":[497042,497041,2]}
{"id":42,"peer_stores":[2,9,497042]}
{"id":62,"peer_stores":[9,497041,497042]}
{"id":180,"peer_stores":[2,9,497042]}
{"id":196,"peer_stores":[2,497041,497042]}
{"id":22,"peer_stores":[4,497042,9]}
{"id":52,"peer_stores":[4,497042,9]}
{"id":148,"peer_stores":[4,9,497041]}
{"id":40,"peer_stores":[4,9,497042]}
{"id":160,"peer_stores":[2,9,497041]}
{"id":164,"peer_stores":[4,497041,497042]}
{"id":253,"peer_stores":[4,2,497042]}
{"id":257,"peer_stores":[4,9,497041]}
{"id":34,"peer_stores":[4,497041,497042]}
{"id":58,"peer_stores":[4,497042,9]}
{"id":60,"peer_stores":[9,497041,497042]}
{"id":44,"peer_stores":[2,9,497041]}
{"id":54,"peer_stores":[9,497041,497042]}
{"id":172,"peer_stores":[497041,9,497042]}
mysql> select count(*) from t_test;
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
|  1024288 |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.14 sec)

mysql> select count(*) from t_test;

+----------+

| count(*) |

+----------+

| 1024288 |

+----------+

1 row in set (0.14 sec)

5.2模拟3个(所有副本)tikv同时损坏

模拟10.12.16.226:20160 10.12.16.227:20160 10.12.16.228:20160三个tikv节点同时挂掉

在226、227、228上执行:


$ cd /data/tidb/tidb-data
$ ls
monitor-9100 pd-2379 tikv-20160
$ rm -rf tikv-20160
$ ls
monitor-9100 pd-2379

查看集群状态:

$ tiup cluster display tidb-test

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5.3修复tidb集群

5.3.1关闭调度
config set region-schedule-limit 0
config set replica-schedule-limit 0
config set leader-schedule-limit 0
config set merge-schedule-limit 0
5.3.2查询出三个(所有)副本在故障tikv上的region id
mysql> select STORE_ID,ADDRESS,LEADER_COUNT,REGION_COUNT,STORE_STATE_NAME from information_schema.TIKV_STORE_STATUS order by STORE_STATE_NAME;
+----------+--------------------+--------------+--------------+------------------+
| STORE_ID | ADDRESS            | LEADER_COUNT | REGION_COUNT | STORE_STATE_NAME |
+----------+--------------------+--------------+--------------+------------------+
|   497041 | 10.12.16.228:20160 |            2 |           25 | Disconnected     |
|   497042 | 10.12.16.227:20160 |            2 |           26 | Disconnected     |
|        4 | 10.12.16.226:20160 |           12 |           13 | Disconnected     |
|        2 | 10.12.16.225:20160 |           11 |           19 | Up               |
|        9 | 10.12.16.224:20160 |           10 |           28 | Up               |
+----------+--------------------+--------------+--------------+------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

image

5.3.3关闭正常的tikv节点
$ tiup cluster stop    tidb-test  -N 10.12.16.224:20160
$ tiup cluster stop    tidb-test  -N 10.12.16.225:20160
$ tiup cluster display    tidb-test

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5.3.4清理故障store的region

清理方法:

在正常的tikv(已经关闭掉)上执行命令:

$ ./tikv-ctl --data-dir /data/tidb/tidb-data/tikv-20160 unsafe-recover remove-fail-stores -s 4,497041,497042 --all-regions

执行命令在输出的结尾有success字样,说明执行成功

清理原因:在正常tikv上清理掉region peer落在故障tikv(4,497041,497042)peer

5.3.5重启pd集群
$ tiup cluster restart    tidb-test  -R pd
5.3.6启动正常的tikv节点
$ tiup cluster start    tidb-test  -N 10.12.16.224:20160
$ tiup cluster start    tidb-test  -N 10.12.16.225:20160
$ tiup cluster display    tidb-test  

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5.3.7打开调度
config set region-schedule-limit  2048
config set replica-schedule-limit 64
config set leader-schedule-limit  4
config set merge-schedule-limit   8
5.3.8验证数据

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mysql> select count(*) from t_test;

ERROR 9005 (HY000): Region is unavailable

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5.3.9补偿所有副本都丢失的region
5.3.9.1查询所有副本都丢失的region,并记录region id
$ ./pd-ctl region --jq='.regions[] | {id: .id, peer_stores: [.peers[].store_id] | select(length as $total |map(if .==(4,497041,497042) then . else empty end)|length>$total-length)}'
{"id":164,"peer_stores":[4,497041,497042]}

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5.3.9.2停止实例

停止10.12.16.225:20160 tikv实例(可以是其他任意正常的tikv实例)

5.3.9.3根据上面查询出丢失的region id创建空region
$ ./tikv-ctl --data-dir /data/tidb/tidb-data/tikv-20160 recreate-region -p 127.0.0.1:2379 -r 164

命令输出结尾有success字样,说明创建成功

5.3.9.4验证数据

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原来总数为1024288,发现数据有丢失

5.3.10收尾
$ tiup cluster display    tidb-test 

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» store delete 4
Success!
» store delete 497041
Success!
» store delete 497042
Success!

如果通过tiup cluster display tidb-test执行命令发现226、227、228上的store状态为up,说明开启了自动拉起

$ tiup cluster prune tidb-test

6总结

1、如果region的单个副本丢失(小于replica一半的情况下),集群是不会丢失数据,此场景是绝大多数用户tikv挂掉场景;

2、如果region多副本(副本数大于replica/2)丢失,如果开启sync-log=true则不会丢失数据,否则可能会丢失数据;

3、如果region所有副本丢失,此时必定会丢失数据,需要进行破坏性修复;

4、如果单机多tikv实例部署,一定需要打label,否则主机挂掉,region的多副本或者全部副本可能会丢失,从而导致丢失数据;

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